Early breast cancer detection vital despite tissue density challenges, says expert

Dr. Noha Al-Saleh, consultant surgeon and member of the Idraak Oncology Association, emphasized that lacking a family history of breast cancer does not eliminate the risk of developing the disease and does not replace the need for recommended screenings. She stressed the importance of assessing individual risk factors and establishing an appropriate follow-up plan when risk factors are present.

Her remarks came during an awareness event organized by the Idraak Oncology Association under the slogan “Your decision today protects you tomorrow,” held at the King Salman Social Center in Riyadh.

Al-Saleh explained that early detection screenings target women who show no symptoms, aiming to identify changes before they become noticeable. These differ from diagnostic tests, which are conducted when a lump or other changes in the breast are observed. She underscored the importance of not waiting for symptoms to appear before starting regular screenings based on age and risk level.

She noted that mammography, or X-ray imaging of the breast, is the primary method for early detection and begins in Saudi Arabia at age 40 for women at average risk. Women at higher risk may need to start screening at a younger age and undergo additional tests as determined by specialists.

Challenges of breast density and the need for balanced awareness

Al-Saleh pointed out that dense breast tissue can make it more difficult to detect some tumors through mammography, sometimes requiring supplementary methods such as ultrasound or MRI, depending on imaging results and individual risk factors. She emphasized the need for images to be interpreted by breast imaging specialists.

She added that risk factors include advancing age, family history, and genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, as well as modifiable factors like being overweight and lack of physical activity. She also highlighted the importance of discussing hormone replacement therapy with a doctor to weigh its benefits and risks.

Dr. Al-Saleh urged women to consult a physician if they notice a lump in the breast or underarm, skin or nipple changes, or unusual discharge. She noted that breast pain is often due to benign causes but should be evaluated if persistent or accompanied by new changes.

She explained that breast cancer includes several types with different biological characteristics and treatment approaches. Treatment plans are tailored to the tumor type, stage, and patient condition, making it inaccurate to generalize one experience to all patients.

Regarding the scale of the disease, the World Health Organization estimates that around 2,400,000 women worldwide will be diagnosed with breast cancer in 2024. The Saudi Cancer Registry recorded 3,472 cases among Saudi women in 2021, accounting for 32.5% of all cancer cases registered in women.