The Indian state of Kerala is offering free flats to homeless people, an ambitious model that activists say other states must follow as a nationwide "Housing for All" plan falls short.
The first 145 families moved into their newly constructed flatsin a 270-unit complex in Adimali town in southern India this month, a stateofficial said.
The state has surveyed its homeless population, and will buildmore than 400,000 homes for those who qualify, said U.V. Jose, chief executiveof the LIFE Mission, a government agency overseeing the project.
"Those without a home are the poorest, most vulnerable.Many cannot afford to buy a home, no matter how cheap it is," Jose toldthe Thomson Reuters Foundation on Thursday.
"A home is a basic necessity. With a home, they can feelmore secure and confident, and they can focus on other matters, which canimprove the quality of their life," he said.
Each unit will cost about 400,000 rupees ($5,700) to build, andwill be wholly funded by the government, Jose said.
This is in contrast to the federal housing scheme, which offerssubsidized loans for home purchases.
Nation On the Move
With rapid urbanization, a shortage of affordable homes hasspurred the growth of slums and informal settlements in cities across India.There are 1.77 million homeless people nationwide, according to the 2011 censusdata, although rights groups say the actual figure is at least three timeshigher.
The government plan, Housing for All, is meant to create 20million new urban housing units and 30 million rural homes by 2022. But therollout has been slow, and campaigners say it will not fix the issue ofhomelessness and informal settlements.
Some states are improving slum conditions, and assuringresidents they will not be evicted for some years.
In eastern Odisha state, authorities have promised land titlesto 200,000 households in urban slums and those on city outskirts, as well asloans to build homes.
But for others, evictions are a daily threat.
At least 11 million people in India risk being uprooted from their homes and land as authorities build highways and airports and cordon off forests, according to advocacy group Housing and Land Rights Network (HLRN).
Kerala's model is the only viable solution to end homelessness,said Shivani Chaudhry, executive director of HLRN.
"The government's 'housing for all' scheme has noprovisions for the homeless, and all interventions by the centre and the stategovernments have been limited to providing temporary shelters," she said.
"This initiative by the Kerala government attempts to shiftthe focus from 'shelters' to 'housing'. This is welcome and much needed, as itis the only way that the issue of homelessness can be addressed," shesaid.
