Saudi Arabia boosts human and technical capabilities for AI era

The world is witnessing rapid advancements in artificial intelligence technologies, with growing discussions about the possibility of achieving artificial general intelligence (AGI) capable of performing a wide range of cognitive tasks at human-like efficiency. In this context, Saudi Arabia continues to develop its national AI ecosystem by adopting and advancing local technologies and models, strengthening computing infrastructure and data centers, building human capital, and establishing governance and risk management frameworks.

The Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) plays a central role in regulating and developing the Kingdom’s data and AI sector by building national capabilities, promoting responsible technology use, and supporting innovation and development.

SDAIA has stated that achieving artificial general intelligence remains scientifically unresolved, with varying definitions and differing expert opinions on its feasibility and timeline. The authority noted that while rapid progress—especially in generative AI—has led to diverse predictions, these do not provide definitive evidence that human-level general intelligence is imminent, according to the Saudi Press Agency.

SDAIA views AGI as one of several possible future scenarios, requiring early preparation without tying national readiness to a specific date. This preparation focuses on developing human talent, enhancing the regulatory environment, expanding international partnerships, scaling up national solutions, improving infrastructure, raising data quality and governance, and monitoring the impact of advanced models on the economy and society.

By 2025, Saudi Arabia has developed eight large language models, including five that are considered world-leading, ranking third globally in the development of advanced AI models. These efforts include national models such as "Allam" and specialized models created by other local entities. The number of AI applications developed domestically has reached 58, and the "Balsam" index was created in partnership with over ten institutions to test 20 Arabic language models.

International indicators reflect the Kingdom’s progress, ranking 15th globally in the Oxford AI Readiness Index for 2025 and 19th in the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI Index for 2025. SDAIA emphasizes that developing smart models requires advanced computing power and technical infrastructure, as well as skilled professionals capable of transforming technology into knowledge and economic solutions.

SDAIA is strengthening national capabilities through the "Samai" initiative, along with training programs, bootcamps, hackathons, and specialized competitions, aiming to broaden the base of experts and prepare national talent for advanced technologies.

In the Tabuk region, Fahad Bin Sultan University stands out as a model for the role of academic institutions in developing talent and promoting research and innovation. The university offers specialized programs in AI, machine learning, and data science, and has introduced a general AI course for all undergraduate students. Its research base is led by experienced faculty and researchers, and the university has established the AI and Data-Driven Modeling Lab (AIMD Lab) to develop advanced computational solutions and models.

The university also provides a quantum computer to explore quantum computing applications and has launched competitive events such as hackathons to enhance programming, teamwork, and tech entrepreneurship skills. The institution aims to prepare a generation of national talent to support the digital economy and sustainable development in Tabuk and across the Kingdom.

As autonomous systems become more prevalent, Saudi Arabia is keeping pace with global regulatory developments through a gradual approach to AI governance, starting with ethical principles, then frameworks for adoption, risk management, and policy development. SDAIA believes that future generations of AI offer opportunities to improve services and accelerate innovation, but also pose challenges related to human oversight, privacy, cybersecurity, bias, and accountability.

Through collaboration between SDAIA and academic institutions, Saudi Arabia is establishing a comprehensive national approach to shaping the future of AI and addressing its global challenges.