Jazan’s ghalif plant blends biodiversity with culinary heritage

The Jazan region is known for its rich plant diversity, and among its most prominent wild species is the ghalif plant. This perennial climber, scientifically known as Cissus rotundifolia and part of the grape family, spreads across trees and rocks in the region’s plains and highlands. It thrives in the warm, relatively humid environments of southwestern Saudi Arabia.

The ghalif features fleshy, cylindrical stems that can extend between 5 and 10 meters, with a diameter of about 1.5 centimeters. Its tendrils help it cling to trees and climb or sprawl along the ground, depending on its location. Small, yellowish-green flowers appear in clusters on new stems.

Dr. Yahya bin Suleiman Masrahi, professor of plant ecology at Jazan University, explained that the ghalif’s leaves are thick, succulent, and nearly round with serrated edges, storing water to help the plant survive dry periods. After flowering, its stems bear small, berry-like fruits that ripen from green to deep or dark red, containing a sticky, yellowish-orange pulp.

Presence in local cuisine and heritage

The ghalif is closely tied to Jazan’s culinary heritage, with generations using it in traditional dishes. It is especially notable in the preparation of hanith, a popular dish in the Tihama plains and mountainous areas, where its branches and leaves are cooked with meat to add a distinctive flavor. Ghalif is also sold in local markets, particularly sought after by women and the elderly. Its leaves are boiled, mashed, and cooked with sesame oil—sometimes with added pepper—and served with their tangy taste alongside tannour bread or lahoh.

Traditionally, ghalif leaves and stems have also been used for other purposes, including folk remedies and cleaning silver items. However, these uses remain part of local heritage and are not considered substitutes for modern medical practices.

Environmental and social value

The ghalif plant is an integral part of Jazan’s diverse landscape, exemplifying the relationship between people and their environment. Locals have long utilized its unique properties in daily life, making its story a testament to human ingenuity in harnessing natural resources and incorporating them into both tradition and cuisine.