Study finds major depression may be two distinct biological types

A recent study has revealed that major depression may not be a single disorder as commonly believed, but instead consists of two distinct biological types, each characterized by different genetic and health features.

Major depression is among the most widespread mental health disorders, leading to persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest in daily activities, and placing a burden on healthcare systems, according to Sputnik.

Symptoms of depression vary from one patient to another; while some experience weight gain and excessive sleep, others face weight loss and sleep disturbances such as insomnia.

Researchers analyzed genetic data from more than 460,000 people of European descent, comparing three patterns of major depression: those with weight gain and excessive sleep, those with weight loss and insomnia, and a third group with mixed symptoms.

The group experiencing weight gain and excessive sleep was linked to higher body mass index, increased risk of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and elevated markers of inflammation in the body.

Meanwhile, those with weight loss and insomnia had different genetic characteristics, and their condition was associated with a lower risk of diabetes, but a possible connection to certain neurological disorders such as schizophrenia.

The study’s findings support the theory that major depression includes multiple types, each with distinct biological mechanisms. This could pave the way for developing targeted treatments tailored to each case, rather than relying on a one-size-fits-all approach.